Reduced arterial blood supply
Narrowed or blocked arteries can limit the oxygen and nutrients required for tissue repair.
Treatments → Advanced Wound Care
Specialized wound care
Treating the cause. Supporting healing.
Comprehensive assessment and individualized care for chronic and complex wounds—combining vascular expertise, modern wound therapy and careful prevention.
Cause-based careCirculation + tissue + healing
Why wounds persist
A wound is often a sign of an underlying problem.
Advanced wound care begins by identifying why healing has stalled. Modern dressings, negative-pressure therapy, biological matrices, skin substitutes or skin grafting may then be considered when clinically appropriate. No single treatment is suitable for every wound.
Factors that delay healing
Understanding what the tissue needs.
Venous insufficiency
Raised venous pressure may cause swelling, skin changes and recurring ulceration around the lower leg or ankle.
Diabetes and neuropathy
Diabetes may affect circulation, sensation, immune defence and healing, while neuropathy can mask injury.
Pressure and swelling
Persistent pressure, friction, lymphatic swelling or oedema can damage vulnerable skin and prevent closure.
Wounds we assess and treat
From chronic ulcers to complex tissue defects.
Chronic Lower-Limb Wounds
Wounds that remain unchanged, repeatedly deteriorate or return after closure require renewed assessment of their underlying cause.
Venous Leg Ulcers
Often accompanied by swelling, pigmentation, hardened skin, eczema, leakage and recurrent ulceration near the ankle.
Arterial and Ischaemic Wounds
Reduced circulation can cause pain, coldness, colour changes, tissue loss or gangrene. Local care alone may be insufficient.
Mixed Arterial and Venous Ulcers
Combined disease requires careful vascular assessment so compression and other treatments can be adapted safely.
Diabetes-Related Wounds
Neuropathy, pressure, infection, deformity and impaired circulation may occur together and require coordinated care.
Pressure, Surgical and Traumatic Wounds
Pressure injury, wound dehiscence and skin defects may require offloading, staged wound preparation or reconstruction.
Lymphatic and Recurrent Wounds
Chronic swelling, fragile skin and persistent leakage require oedema control, protection and long-term prevention.
Comprehensive assessment
Finding what is preventing closure.
The wound and the whole clinical picture are assessed together so treatment can be prioritized safely.
Medical consultation
The wound history and relevant healing factors are reviewed.
- How and when the wound developed
- Previous wounds, procedures and treatments
- Changes in size, depth, pain or discharge
- Diabetes, vascular and lymphatic disease
- Medication, smoking and general health
- Mobility, footwear, pressure and nutrition
Wound examination
Location, dimensions, wound-bed tissue, exposed structures, drainage, surrounding skin and signs of progress or deterioration are documented.
Vascular and oedema assessment
Pulses, Doppler, ankle or toe pressures, oxygen measurements and duplex imaging help evaluate arterial flow, venous disease and swelling.
Infection and deeper tissue assessment
Clinical findings guide microbiology, blood tests, X-rays or MRI when abscess, joint infection or osteomyelitis is suspected.
Atypical wounds
Unusual wounds or wounds that fail to respond may require biopsy or additional specialist assessment.
The advanced wound-care approach
A structured process—not a single product.
If a wound does not progress as expected, the diagnosis and treatment plan must be reconsidered.
01
Identify the wound’s cause
02
Assess arterial and venous circulation
03
Control infection and inflammation
04
Remove non-viable tissue when appropriate
05
Manage pressure and swelling
06
Select suitable dressings
07
Add advanced therapy when indicated
08
Measure progress and prevent recurrence
Treatment journey
Clear priorities and regular reassessment.
Initial assessment
The wound, circulation, swelling, sensation, pressure exposure and infection risk are assessed; urgent threats are prioritized.
Diagnostic planning
Vascular tests, imaging, wound investigations or laboratory examinations are arranged according to the findings.
Cause-based treatment
Care first addresses poor circulation, venous pressure, infection, oedema or persistent mechanical pressure.
Advanced treatment and monitoring
Specialized therapies may be added to a prepared wound, followed by regular measurement and recurrence prevention.
Frequently asked questions
Clear answers for complex wounds.
Suitability depends on the wound, circulation, infection and the patient’s overall health.
Why has my wound not healed?+
Poor circulation, venous disease, diabetes, neuropathy, infection, swelling, pressure or several causes together may delay healing.
Why is a vascular assessment necessary?+
Arterial and venous circulation strongly influence healing and determine whether compression or vascular treatment is appropriate.
Does every chronic wound need antibiotics?+
No. Antibiotics are used for clinical infection and do not replace debridement, circulation management, pressure relief or oedema control.
Is compression safe for every leg ulcer?+
No. Arterial circulation must be assessed first, and compression may need to be modified or avoided when blood flow is reduced.
What is negative-pressure wound therapy?+
It uses controlled suction through a specialized dressing to manage fluid and support granulation in selected wounds.
When are fish-skin matrices or skin substitutes used?+
They may be considered after circulation, infection, non-viable tissue, swelling and pressure have been addressed. They cannot guarantee closure.
When may a skin graft be considered?+
When the wound bed has adequate blood supply, infection is controlled and closure with conservative care alone is unlikely to be efficient.
When to seek assessment
Do not wait for deterioration.
- A wound that is not healing
- Increasing size, depth or pain
- Redness, warmth, swelling or discharge
- Dark or black tissue
- A cold, pale or discoloured foot
- Persistent fluid leakage
- Exposed tendon, joint or bone
- A previously healed wound reopening
The information on this page is intended for general patient education and does not replace an individual medical examination, diagnosis or treatment recommendation. Procedure availability depends on the clinical indication and treating hospital.